International Trade and International Logistics

International trade and international Logistics The rapid expansion of trade liberalization and the growth of global capital markets and integration, information technology and the progressive development of communication technology, making the original messy market countries and regions gradually evolved into a unified global market.Worldwide production and management of multinational corporations or foreign trade enterprises in order to achieve competitive advantage, increase their profits, so they must adding their power within the scope of the global co-ordination of resources to arrange the logistics of its production activities. However, due to the consumers around the world have different needs, coupled with the longer distance of transportation and supply chain operations to expand making the world become increasingly complex logistically activating.So how to solve the contradiction between the global market growth and global diversity and global logistics supply and marketin g channels, this complexly problem has become an international trading activities of every company to force in solving it. The relationships between international logistics and international trade International logistics development together with the development of international trade; there is a very close relationship between them.To achieve international trade, the completion of goods from one country to another country and to the customer’s designated locations, these are the reason why we have to achieve international logistics Therefore, international logistics is not only to ensure the international trade, but also the supply of commodities cross the borders the borders to the needs of States. it is a physical flow process in space, in time, and entities The entire process of international logistics, including the exporting country's export goods leave the country, it has been entered into the importing country's border (Douglas C. Long 2003, P. 230).Before explaining the relationship between them, first we note by the definition, what is the international trade and modern logistics: International trade is technical exchange of goods and services between countries or regions, including both imports and exports, from a national point of view, this exchange activity is called the country's foreign trade, from the international frame of reference , The world's total foreign trade plus together constituted the international trade; About the logistics, according to the definition of Logistics Association American, logistics is a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers, spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption.The following will specifically analyze the relationship between them. 1)International trade promotes the development of modern logistics It is basic prerequis ite of survival for modern logistics, also promote its international. And the International trade and modern logistics are two indispensable aspects of the world's development, international trade make the ownership of goods exchanged, and modern logistics are embodied in goods between countries or entities in the transfer of its domestic. They Promote each other, interdependence and mutual restraint each? Modern logistics is developing based on the modern international trade, Efficient operation of modern logistics also promoting the development of international trade, in this case, the international logistics have emerged, which has brought the logistics industryDevelopment opportunities and challenges 2) International Logistics is a necessary condition for international trade Worldwide community large-scale producing would inevitably lead to the different international division of labor, because of the increasing of the international division of labor getting refinement and speci alization, there must be a kind of international cooperation and exchange between countries, thus requires the conduction of international trade to adapted with international logistics, to deliver whatever overseas customers Need, transfers the goods to the destination according to the quality and quantity timely and by appropriate manner at low cost, by this way to improve their customers products in the international market even more competitiveness and expand the foreign trade,While also imported into the country needed equipment, supplies and other goods timely, efficient at low cost, to satisfied the people's livelihood, production, construction, science and technology and economic development needs in domestic 3)International Trade also promoting the Logistics to International Transnational business and international trade development, promoting the goods and information extensively exchange of a large number of flows in worldwide, international logistics became an Inevitable trend way of develop the international trade and world economic. On another hand, international trade is a prerequisite and infrastructure for the survival of international logistics, the Development of international trade determine the speed and scale of the development of international logistics, and now day’s international logistics became more scientific and reasonable, it’s also a beneficial protection of international trade development. International Trade brings new demands on logistics:With the rapid development of world economy and the performance of some new trends and characteristics in international trade, such big steps made the newer and higher demands on logistics. Quality requirements: The structure of international trade is undergoing some tremendous changes, Traditional primary products and raw materials and other trade goods gradually giving way to those high-value and precision machining products. Due to the high value-added, high-precision flow of goods increased, At the same time the diversity of demand in international trade, resulting in the logistics getting more variety, small batch, which requires international logistics developing To even more quality services and diversification. Efficiency requirementsThe concentrated expression of the international trade is entered into the contract and to perform it, but the Performance of international trade contract is to complete by the international logistics activities, Therefore it requested the logistics to carry out the contract more efficiency, Hence the management of logistics need to be more strengthen, According to international trade in different commodities, by Corresponding the giant cargo ship? Berths and large professional machinery transport equipment to Improving logistics more efficiency Safety requirements As the international division of labor and professional development of social production, Most of the goods are distributed and produced around worldwide, f or example, the U. S. brand Ford, a car production needs its raw materials, Spare parts in more than 30 manufacturers in 20 countries, products are sold to more than l00 countries and regions.The logistics involved in lot of countries, vast territory and in a long time transit, and also Great impact of climate conditions? Geographical conditions and other natural factors and also Politics, the workers strike events? war and other social, political or economic factors. therefore,we must pay a lot of attention to the climate conditions, geographical conditions even political situation, economic conditions, when organizing and selecting the transport routes and the mode of transport to passing through different regions in international logistics, To prevent the loss of goods caused by human factors and the irresistible forces of nature Economic requirementsThe characteristics of international trade, Determined the international logistics have lot of procedures and long period for Prepa ration and transportation. In the field of international logistics lower the transport and vehicle select costs is the best cost control solution for those international logistics companies. Improve the logistics economy, reduce logistics costs and guarantee the service quality, is an effective way to enhance competitiveness The efficiency and reliability of international logistics Logistics involved in a wide field, including material management in production areas, transportation, and the distribution and consumer services in Circulation areas.Rapid economic development in today's world is getting faster and faster, the developed countries are all constructing the new world economic structure by using the strategy of â€Å"economic globalization†, â€Å"information highway† and â€Å"international logistics network, † The growth rate of international trade even higher than the rate of world economy growth. Through the development of international trade, intern ational logistics could continuous improving and developing. Truth has proved that international logistics as a tool of international trade, countries must maximize broken down the geographical and national boundaries, in order to maximize the reduction of the cost of international logistics.On the other hand, international trade is a prerequisite for the survival of international logistics and infrastructure, international trade determine the speed and scale of the development of international logistics development, and the international logistics getting scientific and reasonable development is beneficial to secure the international trade? Logistics on the international role in promoting economic development on the expansion of multinational companies have to verify already. there are About 45,000 global multinational companies currently, their production and trade value has about 50% of world trade value, the tentacles They stretch to the global market is logistics industry. just in-time and zero inventory Became the corporate goal forever, the U. S. ogistics industry had establish an efficient supply chain already, some companies, such as Dell, the order from company confirmation to make the shipment of goods only 2-3 day,As the depth of modern logistics services, process length, the increasing breadth of coverage, to improve the production, supply, marketing, overall economic benefits of transport and promote the development of world economy and the role of trade is immeasurable, the Development of modern logistics brings three advantages to the International trade; That reduce the overall cost of international trade? Improve its competitiveness on the core business? Reduce investment in trade activities. conclusion he free trade, except brings benefits to both parties of the trade, also brings additionally positive impact on the existence of multiple Technological innovations of their own,As mankind enters the era of knowledge economy and trade liberaliz ation in the mainstream situation, in a static sense, the level of technological innovation in developing countries will affect their trade pattern, size and interests; in the dynamic sense, international trade will affect the overall technological level and economic growth, In fact, only from the terms of the relationship between international trade and technological innovation, they are interacting each other; but for most developing countries, International Trade and the impact of its technical innovation should be more specific and profound, Because of international trade-related technical innovation in developing countries shows the way and play its â€Å"advantages of late launch â€Å" Strategy and also a important means of bring them into the growth and take-off stage of economic. ? References: http://www. trade. gov/exportamerica/TechnicalAdvice/ta_tradelogist101. pdf TRADE LOGISTICS 101’[PDF], By William Corley. August 2002 EXPORT AMERICA http://en. wikipedia. org /wiki/Logistics. ‘International logistics ‘second edition 2006 By Donald F. Wood, ISBN: 0-8144-0666-1 Pg. 126 to Pg. 169. ‘International logistics: global supply chain management’ 2003  By Douglas C. Long 2003058808 Pg. 225 to Pg. 231

Well Fargo

A. Brief abstract / overview of case study Abstract The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions: How should Wells Fargo Position it self for the future? Should it strengthen its retail presence, grow internationally, or move into the void created by the disappearance of investment banks? Develop Projected Financial Statements that fully assess and evaluate the impact of the proposed strategy. How are the acquisitions / growth financed? Will debt be increased further, or ownership of WFC stock be diluted to raise the capital needed?The author will attempt to answer these questions using chart sand graphs as illustrations and supporting evidence Overview case The paper submitted will contain a proposed plan of action using primarily data from Morning start oshowa proposed acquisition for Wells Fargo. This acquisition will greatly increase the Wealth, Brokerage, & Retirement segment of Wells Fargo that has been underutilized and overlooked. This proposal will â€Å"m arry† the benefits of TDA meritrade with the Cross-selling strength of Wells Fargo.The primary purpose that TDA meritrade was selected was convenience. Although Charles Schwa band E *TRADE are competitors of TDA meritrade, but they were not selected for varying reasons. Charles Schwabhasa history of refusing overtures for take overs after his disappointing episode of being bought up by a large corporation many years ago. E*TRADE, whom some experts consider having a high erupt side than TDA meritrade, is not nearly as stable or financially sound.Given the current economic uncertainty and the authors’ penchant for avoiding risk, TDA meritrade is the best option available of the large independent retail brokerages. According to Zacks Equity Research, an interesting side note is â€Å"that Wells Capital Management, the wholly owned institutional asset management subsidiary of Wells Fargo Bank, N. A. , and part of Wells Fargo’s Asset Management Group† (Zacks Eq uity Research, 2011) already owns about 2. 58% of TDA meritrade. (Morningstar. com, 2012) How should Wells Fargo Position it self for the future?Wells Fargo can position it self for the future by capitalizing on its one-stop shopping format for all financial products. Already with one of the highest cross-selling ratios in the world at 5. 81 products per banking household†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this number can and should go higher in the not too distant future. (APAeditorial, 2009) B. Vision Statement To satisfy all of the customers’ financial needs, help them succeed financially, be known as one of America’s great companies and the number-one financial services provider in each market C.Mission Statement We want to satisfy all of our customers' financial needs, help them succeed financially, be the premier provider of financial services in every one of our markets, and be known as one of America's great companies. Wells Fargo is committed to strengthening the company and the c ommunities by proactively seeking minority, women, and disabled – owned suppliers, Wells Fargo strongly believe that Wells Fargo’s suppliers must reflect the diversity of team members, customers, and communities.Proactively seek to procure goods and services from minority, women, and disabled-owned businesses. Our Supplier Diversity team assists these businesses to access bid and contract opportunities through a combination of which is actively seek to establish relationships with diverse suppliers through business networking, electronic and print communications, and participation in supplier event nationwide. We encourage and assist suppliers to gain certification of their minority, women, or disabled- owned business status from independent local and national agencies.The Supplier Diversity team advises and guides diverse suppliers to prepare and position their businesses for maximum access to bid and contract opportunities. We actively communicate with minority, wome n, and disabled-owned suppliers, referring relevant Requests for Proposal and other potential business leads. Internally, the Supplier Diversity team works to ensure that diverse suppliers are represented and considered by Wells Fargo purchasing managers in all sourcing, contracting and procurement decisions. Wells Fargo SWOT * STRENGTH 1.Strong national presence and credible reputation (Strong brand) 2. Widely recognized as industry and market share leader (Industry leader) 3. Servicing for more than 25 million customers through over 6000 stores, the Internet, and other distribution channel across North America and elsewhere internationally (Worldwide service) 4. Values its people as its competitive advantage (Strong HR & management team) 5. Values and treats its customer as friends (Loyal customers) 6. Leading innovator in the use of internet and e-commerce (Online growth) 7.Strong balance sheet and the ability to steer through the pitfalls that plagued its competitors (Strong fin ancial position) * WEAKNESS 1. The Wachovia Bank subprime mortgage problems (Over leveraged financial position) 2. Overcommitted in credit swap (Over leveraged financial position) 3. The reduction of Wells Fargo’s debt rating two levels during January 2009 (Weak capital position) 4. Cut its dividend payment in a move to attempt to solidify its balance sheet (Diseconomies of scale) 5.Wells Fargo basically did no securities business after merger (Not diversified) 6. Too much focus on consumer/retail banking (Not diversified) 7. Weak International growth OPPORTUNITIES 1. Increasing its extensiveness through mergers and acquisitions with recently owned Wachovia or with other new bank (M&A opportunities) 2. Growth and success of combined Wachovia and Wells Fargo will be one of the great financial services company (National growth) 3. Move the large national bank with an international presence forward or expansion abroad (International growth) 4.The disappearance of investment bank ing and the Wells Fargo’s announcement to significantly expand its security business (Product & service diversification) 5. The use of internet banking and e-commerce (Online growth) Threats 1. Rising interest rates in US. 2. Basel II and compliance costs. 3. Consolidation in banking industry. 4. Competitive Matrix Profile. 5. Consolidation in the US banking industry. 6. Regulation on contingent commission. 7. Rising incident of online scam. 8. Meltdown in US Asset backed Securities market.

Informative Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informative Research Paper - Essay Example It seems that solar energy is more potential as compared to other renewable energy sources, because it is easily and freely available and causes less harm to the environment. In the words of Daniel Lincot, the chairman of the five-day European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference held in Valencia, solar energy can meet the energy demand of the whole world, for it is a â€Å"renewable, safe, and clean source† of energy (qtd. in Hill). This paper will suggest solar energy as the most potential alternative renewable energy source currently available, for its potential features such as infinitely free energy, no greenhouse gases, saving eco-systems, and off-the-grid energy generation. Solar Energy The most potential feature of solar energy, according to Kamat, is that it is an infinitely free energy; and this would not usually incur any additional expenses other than the initial installation and maintenance costs (2834). As compared to conventional power generation, solar energy p roduction does not require expensive raw materials such as coal, and it requires a significantly lower labor force. Solar energy generation has advantages of direct and indirect costs. To illustrate, since sun and the solar semi-conductors can do the whole work, it would trim down labor costs to a great extent. In addition, no raw materials are to be extracted and refined for the production of solar power, and hence there are no indirect costs involved. Desideri finds solar energy as the most accessible renewable energy as compared to other energy, because it is more available and free, â€Å"and it is considered such as one of the greatest technological potential areas† (298). Sunlight is distributed almost equally all across the globe although there are some seasonal and territorial variations in the availability of sunlight; it also adds to the potentiality of this renewable energy. Another notable feature of solar energy is that there are no greenhouse gases emitted durin g the solar power generation process, and therefore it contributes little to environmental issues such as global warming or climate change. In addition, solar energy does not produce any smoke or chemical byproduct that is toxic to humans. Thomas also points out how a solar thermal or photovoltaic system avoids greenhouse gas emissions (28). It is clear that today nations strive to eliminate greenhouse gases and other toxic emission so as to promote the concept of sustainable development. In this context, this green energy technology would assist governments in cutting down their environmental intervention costs and promoting environmental sustainability significantly. Furthermore, since solar energy is free from environmentally harmful emissions, solar power plants can be established in any region where high intensity sunlight is available. The United States Environmental Protection Agency proposes solar energy as the most substantial choice: Solar energy is considered environmenta lly friendly because the sun is a natural energy source that does not require the burning of fossil fuels and the associated air emissions. In addition, it is considered renewable since the energy produced from the sun does not deplete any natural resources, and will never run out†¦ Certain additional features allow the end user to continue to operate even when the sun is not shining (EPA). Finally, developing more solar energy is a better way for organizations to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility, which is a central aspect of

Educational Assessment of a Public School in U.S Essay

Educational Assessment of a Public School in U.S - Essay Example Jeffco Public School, situated in Colorado, is one of the renowned public school in the United States. It consists of near about 85,000 pupils and is branching over 148 segments altogether. Among these branches, it comprises of 129 neighborhood schools, 9 option schools focusing on special education and 10 charter schools. According to school census (2005-2006), the population of students in school combines 1.1% American Indians, 3.6% Asians, 1.9% Blacks, 17.4% Hispanics and 76.1% Whites. Purpose of EducationA purpose can be defined as the ultimate goal of the process of education. In some instances, the transmission of knowledge has been considered as the primary purpose of education, while the application of knowledge acquired from school setup to the real world is occurred as a result of the processing of knowledge, a phenomenon identified as the function of the education (Oakes, 1986). According to the vision statement ascribed by Jefferson County, the system believes in equality of learning for all students. The ideology of the school is to focus on the areas where students become able to attain their highest potentialities, as reported by the community. Now, as it is quite evident that, the purpose itself is an articulated objective, thus effort needs to be put towards attainment. On the other hand, function is a subjective aspect and assumed to take place without direct intervention. Hence, the design of the purpose needs to facilitate few significant components. – Acquirement of knowledge in the frame of past of present context inclusive of mathematics, science, literature and history Enhancement of decision making policies by means of promoting capabilities for evaluation of information Development of behavioral education focusing on building both psychological and physical health and abilities Promotion of programming into cultural context Enhancement on knowledge of moral exercises and ethical standards pertinent to culture and society Development of self-esteem, self-efficacy, personal development, rational decision-making strategies The Jeffco Public School focuses on the essential ingredients of education and it focuses on the instructional services assuring the standardization of content and educational equity along with norms defining family literacy, corresponding with the body of research supporting the efficacy of family literacy initiatives (Lesar, et al., 1997) and multiracial education by enhancing equality, stability and autonomy with an understanding of cycle of education. Administrator

Project Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project Research - Essay Example Here we will analyze respective ratios like Profitability ratio, asset management ratio, Debt management ratio and Leverage ratio to understand the financial position and performance of the company. Profitability Ratio can be defined as financial a tool which is used to justify a company’s ability to generate revenue. Profitability of Emirates Insurance Company has decreased over the years as the ROE, gross profit margin and net profit margin of the company has declined in 2012 as compared to 2011. Liquidity ratio measures the firm’s ability to fulfill its short term requirements which defines the firm’s capacity to pay off the current liabilities as and when needed. The company does not have enough liquid cash ready in its hand and it needs to improve its liquidity position. Asset management ratio can be defined as the relationship between sales and assets. The company is efficient in managing its assets except its payables turnover ratio. Debt management ratio measures the ability of the company to reduce the risk of financial problems in long run. The financial leverage of the company is higher on 2012. Thus it can be concluded that the company is having average position in the market and it should improve its sales to generate more profitability in future. Introduction Emirates Insurance Company was established in the year 1982 in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It has total assets of more than AED 1.5 billion and its gross written premium for 2012 was AED 650 million. The company operates over 20 locations in UAE. Emirates Insurance Company offers a wide range of insurance related products and services to serve its various customers like corporate, business organization, other financial institution and individuals. The company provides different insurance benefits like Hotel Block Insurance, Jeweler’s Block Insurance, and office comprehensive insurance. Under corporate insurance it provides General Third Party Liability Insurance, Workmenâ€⠄¢s Compensation Insurance, Fidelity Guarantee Insurance and loss of money insurance. The company also has a policy of covering money loss if it occurs during the money is in locker or money loss in the company premises during business hours or in transit between bank and office premises. Oil and Energy team of Emirates insurance Company offers various services to its clients in the world and it focuses on the risk related to oil and gas. It has a wide range of insurance products like Motor Insurance, Marine Hull Insurance, Medical Insurance, Third party general insurance, Aviation insurance, Banker’s Blanket Bond Insurance, Cargo Insurance, fidelity Guarantee Insurance and Life Insurance. Here we will analyze respective ratios like Profitability ratio, asset management ratio, Debt management ratio and Leverage ratio to understand the financial position and performance of the company. Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis states the systematic analysis of the financial statement of a company to understand and interpret its performance and financial positions for a particular period of time. Ratio analysis can be compared

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case analysis - Essay Example Consequently, if Adam looses trust and faith in her superior, Janet, the same will happen to Adams juniors. Thus, any miscommunications will always pass down to the juniors and the whole organization will feel the effects at the end. Adams is put in a difficult situation of explaining to her juniors why she had misinformed or rather lied to them. Ethically, Janet has violated her responsibly to pass the right information to the employees working below her. The second Pinocchio would be for breaking the personal trust between her and Adams. Honesty should be the driving factor in any relationship since even the working relationship depends on the personal relationship between employees. This can be seen, when Janet tells Rachael that the company is not going anywhere and that they are there to stay. Here, Janet has created a misleading impression by playing with words thus beating Adams’s wits. Even though Janet had the moral obligation to Ballinger, she equally had a moral obl igation to Adams and the employees under her at large. Alternatively, she would have told Adam of not knowing any information regarding the merger as they waited for the official communication. By being dishonest, she is jeopardizing the company’s reputation at the same time killing the workers’ morale and as such killing the organization. By telling Adam the truth, the faith of the employees to the organization would have been saved thus owning the challenges the organization was facing then. Since the employees feel betrayed now, they would not mind looking for other opportunities

What is the Relationship between Women's Cinema and National Identity Research Paper

What is the Relationship between Women's Cinema and National Identity - Research Paper Example Although films were made by women very early on, the incorporation of feminism and its study was introduced much later. The study of women in cinema is often segregated into two categories. These are the study of films made by women, generally and films with feminist objectives that focus mainly on the problems if women, portrayed in cinematic form. Since the 1960s feminist films have maintained a certain commercial, yet art house production style of movie making. While the aforementioned films reflect many female ideologies, they still try to be seen as mainstream cinema. Talking about general films made by women, they are often distinguished from each other according to the presentation of the film as a whole. This varies according to the outlook of the director of the film. Another distinguishing factor is the culture portrayed in the film and the aspect of life introduced in the storyline. A national identity is a form of cultural identification given to the people of a country\. In the world, ethnic and religious segregation occurs after the national identity of a person. While ethnicity and religious diversity form the bulk of national trademarks, the question of minority still gives people the benefit of the doubt. National identity is a judicial matter with complex authoritative aspects, but sociologically it is the distinctiveness from foreigners and its effect on a national and international society. Language is a crucial and integral part of national identity, as most countries have their own local dialects understood by the natives.  

Senior Portfolio Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Senior Portfolio Project - Research Paper Example Therefore, this analysis will make a reference to the industry PESTLE analysis in which case it will analyze the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legislative and environmental issues. Moreover, the threats to the industry can also be viewed from the perspective of porters five forces analysis in which case according to Amrollahi and Akhgar (2013), all the threats to all stakeholders in the industry are analyzed. Therefore, this section will make an integration of these factors as far as the market is concerned. This gives an effective chance to view opportunities existing in it. It has also to be noted that America is a large region and there are some companies that can only provide their services to one state only while others serve a quite a number of states in the country. 1.1 Political and Environmental Factors The political system of the USA has had a very substantial control over the telecommunications industry. ... This, according to the state government is done for the public interest. Control of the media is done through a given number of ways among them censorship in which speech is suppressed depending on the perceived effects on those receiving this information. Censorship has always been done through the Federal Communication Commission. Many political factors have affected this industry to such an extent that some of the companies are wholly dependent on the government legislations. One of the legislations is that of taking care of the environment. The American governments are basing more emphasis on environmental issues. Disposal and care of wastes as well as care of dangerous radioactive waves have to be governed effectively so that the environment remains green. Moreover, some of the companies’ sources of raw materials are overseas nations that have different environmental rules. The companies have the obligation to take care of the environment or risk being removed from such m arkets. Another political issue is the trade regulations and tariffs laws. The communications companies are not supposed to charge beyond a given level of tariffs for their services. For instance, Verizon Inc. operates on the basis of low tariffs to all its customers because it operates on the basis of economies of scale in creation of the new technologies which make it close out any threat of entry into the same area of production. The company is not however allowed to have its rates go so low that they are below the market rates (Bukofsky, Marco and Espindola). Therefore, the telecommunications industry has been regulated by the government for a reason.

Project Strategy and the Leadership Culture for a large construction Assignment

Project Strategy and the Leadership Culture for a large construction project - Assignment Example When developing a strategy for procurement, it is essential to consider all the factors that are vital to the project such as the project objectives, resources that are available, the total budget and the project duration. The assessment of these factors will ensure that the team has a tailor made procurement plan that contributes towards the project’s objectives. Before any purchase is made, the procuring officer must be able to answer the question as to why that item is being purchased, and if it is the most cost-effective option. All options must be considered, and, since there are some items that can be prepared on site, it is important to consider all available options. An example is concrete. Some companies sell concrete that is ready for use and is delivered to the site in trucks. However, the project managers can decide to buy cement separately and mix it at the site for use (Ward, 2009). All these options have to be considered so that the supervisors find one that is not only cost effective but also saves on labor cost, time and use of mechanical equipment. Sustainability is also a factor that determines the duration for which we keep up with certain purchases. Considering the budget allocated, we should be able to determine whether our procurement decision can be supported in the long run. An important factor in the procurement process is finding suppliers. Suppliers are weighed based on various standards such as reliability and the cost. The procurement process should be done in a cost-effective manner that saves on the estimated figures. This can be done by identifying suppliers who are inexpensive. However, this is not the only measure of a good supplier.Reliability is equally important when it comes to choosing a supplier of choice. A good supplier must be able to supply high quality products within the required time and at an affordable cost; it does not have to be the cheapest option. It is acceptable to pay slightly more

Persuasive Writing on topic of Animal Rights Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Writing on topic of Animal Rights Essay Deceased: Monday, November 5th, 2001. Great Britains Prison Service has reported that animal rights terrorist Barry Horne, 49, died in a Worcester hospital on November 5 after a short-lived hunger strike. The official cause of death was liver failure. In 1997, Barry Horne was sentenced to 18 years in prison for carrying out vicious attacks and arson on legitimate facilities that he claimed promoted animal cruelty. His attacks put human beings in danger for animals, animals without sentience, the ability to realize that they are alive. Animals without the ability to distinguish thought. This essay will focus on animals we consume for our nutrition. Animals without the basic goal of human beings of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The human race cannot give these rights to living organisms without the goal of the unalienable right and without the basic comprehension of consciousness. Animals are ignorant of the basic sentience and self-awareness, everything is an animal and we are not exempt, and reasoning that we should solely eat plant proteins because we have the intelligence to, and the wolf doesnt, so therefore we should make the wolf our equal is self-contradictory. The human race has come up with criteria for judging the sentience of a organism. There are five basic building block of society, which are the criteria for judging the sentience of an animal. The starting point for any species is if they were observed as producing or having produced technological artifacts unique to that species. Next, if they were observed as able to communicate from one generation to the next by a recorded language unique to that species, that is a significant leap. An important pair is being observed as basing action on abstract reasoning and being observed as engaging in inductive and deductive reasoning processes, and finally, observed as engaging in non-utilitarian artistic activity unique to that species. No other species besides man has five basic building blocks of society. Animals eat, eat, reproduce, and die. We, as human beings, are predators. We eat other animals. We need to eat. Zoomorphism only happens when we arent worried about eating. If we were not sentient we would still eat animals. By the survival of the fittest, which is the law of raw nature, no animal has rights; only the tools to survive as  best it can. The chicken has no right not to be eaten by the fox. The gazelle has no ethical recourse against the lion. If we are merely animals, no other animal has any ethical standing to complain against the human animal for eating them or wearing their skins. The basic rational or credo for animal rights consists of changing our diet to exclusively vegetable proteins, based on the notion that human beings have the intelligence to choose to eat soy beans in preference to cattle but wolves cant and this superior human reasoning ability is a reason to consider animals such as wolves as our equals. Look at the last sentence of the animal rights credo, This superior human reasoning ability is a reason to consider animals such as wolves our equals, and therefore realize that that argument admits we are superior, so we should be equal. This argument is similar with 2=0. The rational itself is contradictory. Animal rights failed on three other arguments as well. First, human beings are the dominant species on this planet, making decisions regarding use of the land, the sea, the air, and the near space above the air. Man rules and animals have to take what we do with them and lump it. The penultimate argument is there are no animals petitioning mankind, their oppressor, for an elevated status or recognition of their rights. Third, there are no animals contesting their status as inferiors to mankind. Animals arent protesting for their rights, it is human beings. Animals are not asking for their rights. How do we know to give them rights? If they are sentient, how do we know that they want rights? It is human beings who are asking for rights for animals, but their rational is insufficient. So lets be prepared for animal rights activists, because after the death of Barry Horne, there are some people who may regard him as a martyr. That includes people who may want to carry out actions against on legitimate scientist working with animals to promote human beings needs. No animal rights activists are themselves animals. There is no organization called Porpoises for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. It is people who make those demands of other people. Essentially brainless work animals should not be considered on the same level as sentient human beings. Animal Rights is the philosophy of allowing non-human animals to have the most basic rights that  all sentient beings desire: the freedom to be exempt from this web of dog eat dog, the food chain, the survival of the fittest.

Existential Humanistic And Career Development Psychology Essay

Existential Humanistic And Career Development Psychology Essay This essay will review and analyze person-centered and existential approaches and career development theories of John L. Holland and John D. Krumboltz and catalogue the significant understanding of theoretical dynamics and application of techniques/strategies during counselling relationship. The common thread that runs through the existential-humanistic theories and career counselling theories works on unifying theme of understanding human existence, career concerns and experiential approaches to counselling. Practice by counsellors in these disciplines have an eclectic or integrated approach to develop their own core metatheory (Neukrug, 2011). While reviewing both Existential approach and person-centered approach and exploring variety of understandings on counselling process and client relationships, both approaches both share similar efficacy orientation in multicultural context. Person-centered founded by Carl Rogers and existential theory developed by Victor Frankl are applied across diverse settings, from individual to group counselling (Corey, 2013). The field of career counselling has evolved to a holistic career/life path approach. Theories of career development support career concerns through series of interventions help understand; job selection, broaden horizons, improved life-style, work-life balance and implementation of decisions in career dealing with entire life span of the individual(Amundson, Harris-Bowlsbey, Niles, 2009). Introduction In the 1960s and 1970s there was a growing awareness among therapist towards other approaches like existential and person-centered for counselling practice apart from psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. Both approaches brought in perspective of human philosophy and human experience to deal with crisis and traumas in life more successfully (Corey2013). Corey (2013) stated that Existential therapy can be best described as a philosophical approach that influences a counsellors therapeutic practice (p. 127). The therapy indicates that people are independent and are capable of finding a meaning to their life when faced with tragic situations. It also suggests new ways and alternatives to face problems and take decisions to evolve holistically. Moreover, people have the power and freedom to take conscious decisions in directing their life (Van, 2002). As stated by Corey (2013) Quiet Revolutionist (p.159). References to his earlier writings reflect under the heading of client-centered approach which later evolved to person-centered therapy. Rogerss therapy on human nature was an alternate to psychoanalytical therapy. Counsellors preferred Rogerss therapy as it did not involve extensive psychological training for counsellors to practice. Rogers work is regarded as the changing force in channelizing current counselling therapies (Welfel Patterson, 2005). Validated Research Frankl was one of the contemporary therapists who contributed to the development of existential school of therapy. As mentioned by Neukrug (2011) in 1930, Frankl framework of his theory was reproduced in his book Mans Search for Meaning a best seller translated into many languages (Neukrug, 2011). Existential family trauma therapy (EFTT) is based on an orientation to help people who have undergone traumatic experiences in their life. EFTT approach was most effective with Vietnam families living under symptoms of post -traumatic war stress for last 30 years, useful with couples and families facing serious medical problems such as heart disease, respiratory disease, cancer, diabetes, families who have faced migration disturbances in a new country, families to overcome death of a family member and with families who have been subjected to physical or mental abuse or rape. The therapeutic sessions have proved to be very successful in the past and continue to be effective in todays scenari o (Lantz Gyamerah, 2002). In 1942, Rogers wrote a book on Counselling and Psychotherapy on non-directive approach in therapy (Neukrug, 2011). From 1945 he worked in University of Chicago and established a counselling center. In the center Rogers practiced group counselling therapies with people who had returned from World War II using non-directive approach to express their innermost fears and experiences. After the sessions people in the group had a deeper understanding of their inner self and were able to bring positive changes in their lifestyle thus resulting in popularity of these group encounters in the 1960s and 1970s. Rogers was the first psychotherapist to use the word client instead of patient (Neukrug, 2011). In the 1960s Rogers and his colleagues counselled clients who were hospitalized schizophrenics in the University of Wisconsin. Person-centered approach has been applied extensively across diverse cultures, groups, families, individuals facing situations like (alcoholism, agoraphobia, depressio n, cancer, and personality disorders), crisis intervention (unwanted pregnancy), people in the helping profession (nurses, doctors, teachers) leaving clients fully accepted and valued (Corey, 2013). Underlying Theoretical Approach Existential and person- center approaches have parallel phenomenological (experience of human nature) orientation towards experiential counselling (Corey, 2013). Both approaches believe that an individuals life is infringed with boundaries of weakness, strengths, limitations and opportunities created by the environment. The client being the focal point explores and goes along on a self-discovery inward to evaluate the value and meaning to live. Largely the theories construction empowers the clients to assume responsibility of their actions, choices and direction. However, the two schools approach therapeutic relationship through different theories (Neukrug, 2011). According to Rogers client has the liberty to develop freely without being directed, this faith in human nature is considered as a humanistic approach to counselling (Welfel Patterson, 2005). Individuals can be trusted to choose the right direction, they are self directed and can solve their own problems(Henderson Thompson, 2011). Person-centered focuses on two primary needs of a client. The first is need for self-actualization and second is to be loved and valued by others (McLeod, 1998). Rogers believed that a client has remarkable capacity within to self-determine the choices for self-healing and personal growth eventually leading to self-actualization with a focus on the recent experience. Self-theory in person-centered is the belief that the persons perception of looking at self from others point of view is reality example when the person feels inferior and incompetent, will act on that belief and even though others view the person as competent and confident. This state of per sonal reality/incongruence can be changed through counselling (McLeod, 1998). Existential theory revolves around the disturbing inevitable life experiences and wiliness of the client to explore self by facing the reality and realign to create a meaningful and purposeful existence (Van, 2002) . The objective of the approach is to enable client to assume personal responsibility to rediscover their values, beliefs, and purpose in life to make authentic self directed choices of how to live example a client is suffering from cancer and has three months to live (Van, 2002). The central theme of existential therapy is based on client responsibility and freedom to recreate a meaning to their life for example a client has acrophobia and is always dreaming that somebody will kill him, leading to lack of confidence. It is up to the client to remove the confusion from his life by reflecting on self- attitude towards others (Van, 2002). Counselling Process and Client Relationship Counselling is a journey, the role of counsellor is to provide a nurturing environment that would permit and encourage clients for a personal growth. The existential and person-centred approaches have similar orientations towards client and counsellor relationship. The underlying philosophy of both approaches requires the counsellor to dive into the clients world and provide on non-judgemental, caring, safe and supportive environment (Corey, 2013). As stated by Corey (2013) existential counsellor paves a way for the client to overpower slavery of inner conflicts to state of therapeutic awakening. Situational conflicts which are clients primary concern like meaning to life, thoughts, beliefs, suffer losses, friends die, relationships end, isolation, anxiety or blaming others for their conflicts. The counsellor assists the client in this process of uncertainty by reflecting on different tangents which were not looked at earlier by the client. (Van, 2002) . In person-centered counselling relationship is given highest importance. Client is reassured looking at the attitude and beliefs of the counsellor during therapy and moves forward for a personality change (Bozarth et al., 2002 as cited by Corey, 2013, p.166). Person-centered therapy training underpins three qualities of counsellor congruence, positive regard, and empathy which enable the client to feel accepted. This leads to a secure and caring relationship allowing the client to open up and divulge deep into their rigidities and non genuine lifestyle (Corey, 2013). Diversity Perspective Person-centered and existential therapies have a major impact on with diverse culture groups. They both have worked with diverse groups and with different ethnic backgrounds. They share similar views of not imposing their beliefs or values on the client, instead help in connecting to secular values and issues related to racialism (Corey, 2013). Person-centered and Existential in Todays World Carl Rogers was the first psychologist to receive American Psychological Association award. In the last thirty year there have two new offshoots based on person-centered approach called focusing and process-experiential which are based on similar approach as person-centered approach of Carl Rogers. There are about 200 professional organizations and training centers in the world which are working on application of Carl Rogerss theory example Association for the Development of the Person-Centered Approach in the United States, in Europe Gesellschaft fur Wissenschaftliche Gesprachspsychotherapie in Germany (Kirschenbaum Jourdan, 2005). From January 1, 1987 to September 6, 2004, 141 books, 174 book chapters and 462 journal articles have been published on Carl Rogerss person-centered approach. The International Society for existential Psychotherapy and counselling in London develops programmes for existing existential counsellors, The New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling is set up and also offers distance learning course in existential counselling. There has been an increase in the number of training institutes for counsellors considering existential therapy (Corey, 2013). Existential practicing counsellors have increased over the past 20 year and case studies have proved the efficacy of the approach. (McLeod, 1998). Existential approach has been beneficial for people who are facing mid-life crisis worrying about approaching old age. The therapy helps them to overcome fear of death and diseases in old age (Becker, 2006). Existential therapy is widely accepted and applied with anxious and depressed adolescents who have concerns like identity issues, isolation, scared of entering adulthood, leading aimless life. It has been noted that there has been a steady increase in the number of adolescents experiencing existential therapy (Shumaker, 2012). Limitations for Therapist Existential therapist lack clear guideline for practice and therapist find practicing therapy at times unclear, especially who do not have a philosophical mind frame. Existential theory has no techniques and there are situations when therapist needs to borrow techniques from other schools to have evidence based practice and be able to evaluate therapy outcomes and effectiveness. The most important limitation in existential counselling is the therapist needs to be mentally healthy otherwise the therapist can undergo emotional drain while practicing existential therapy (Corey, 2013). Person-centered counselling has its limitations; there are no intervention strategies and techniques leading to unaccountability of therapist with no evidence of effective therapy. Person-centered therapy is a non-directed therapy and there are times therapists are not satisfied with clients decisions. The therapist also feel incapacitated when they are not able to express their viewpoint after listening to the client to make the therapy more effective (Corey, 2013). Synergy of Career Counselling and Counselling Career counselling for career development is useful in helping people to get the right job. Career development plays an important role in guiding and acquainting people to the change in the environment. Individuals who satisfied in their career work towards a goal, their job traits matching their personality and they make choices out of their experiences to create a better future (Amundson et al., 2009). Existential therapy has benefited mid-life career decision, helped clients to re-evaluate their career satisfaction with meaningful existence (Cohen, 2003). John Holland based his career counselling on finding the right blend between a persons personality and work environment, closer the match greater the satisfaction in career (Isaacson Brown, 2000).According to Holland success and personal consistency is inevitable when there is congruency between individual and the career with a right blend of personality and job. (Andersen, 2006). John Krumboltz theory is based on individuals learning of new skills through their experiences. According to Krumboltz people are born with genetic distinctiveness such as race, genders, physique. People build their observation and task skills when they come in contact with the environment, while undergoing social and cultural change. Career counselling based on this theory helps an individual to learn from their experiences and move on to make choices to achieve success (Amundson et al., 2009). Career development counselling approaches of Holland and Krumboltz and existential -humanistic counselling approaches synergize very well with each other. All of these approaches guide the client to overcome their dilemmas in life or career. Person-centered approach works well with individuals who are confused about their future career directions and need interpersonal adjustments in career or are facing developmental or personal growth issues. Existential approach is appropriate for encouraging individuals to examine the process of decision making between present and future actions empowering them to make career choices based on their judgments (Dahir Stone, 2011). Conclusion Approaches have been discussed in detail; they are under one umbrella called existential-humanistic approach focusing on human experience and authentic therapeutic relationship. Existential and person-centered theories are in congruence with my strong belief in the positive nature of all human beings. After reviewing both theories in detail, would like to synergize both the theories and unify them into my own core theory without diluting the theoretical commitments. In my opinion existential and person-centered have similar viewpoints and they both rely on experiential therapy for clients when in crisis or paradox in their current life situations (Van, 2002). They share an underlying assumption that clients are trustworthy and they have the freedom to make congruent choices to lead a meaningful life. They have a common emphasis on quality relationship between client and the counsellor and techniques have no role to play in the therapeutic environment (Corey, 2013). While working on the piece, also came to a conclusion that career counselling theories of Holland and Kramboltz can be integrated with counselling theories. I personally feel counsellors can have an eclectic approach and choose theories and their techniques in situations accordingly (Amundson et al., 2009).

Biography and Work of Guy de Maupassant Essay -- Guy de Maupassant bio

Biography and Work of Guy de Maupassant Guy de Maupassant is acknowledged through the world as one of the masters of the short story; Guy de Maupassant was also the author of a collection of poetry, a volume of plays, three travel journals, six novels, and many chronicles. He produced some three hundred short stories in the single decade from 1880 to 1890; a period during which he produced most of his other works. Five of his six novels were published during the second half of the decade. â€Å"His short fiction has been compared to that of Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry James.† (Encyclopedia Britanica 1012) Maupassant took as his primary goal the realistic portrayal of everyday life. He wrote about what he knew best, and that is as a peasant of his native home of Normandy, the war of 1870, the lives of government employees and Parisian high society, and his own fears and hallucinations. â€Å"His short stories were seen as masterpieces of economy, clarity, and classical in their formal simplicity, uncommonly varied in their theme was and keenly evocative in their descriptions.† (Marx 303) Guy de Maupassant is otherwise known as Henri Rene Albert, Joseph Prunier, Guy de Valmont, or even Maufrigneuese. He was born on August 5, 1850, in Chateau de Miromesnil, near tourville-sur Argues, Normandy, France. Maupassant, the first child of Laure Le Poittevin and Gustave de Maupassant. Records show a discrepancy as to his birthplace, some scholars maintain it was Decamp, but the official view, supported by his birth certificate, is that he first saw the light of day at the Chateau de Miromesnil. Maupassant died on July 6, 1893, of complications resulting from syphilis, in a sanitarium in Paris. He attend... ... 2000. . 8. Maupassant, Guy de. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Detroit, Washington, D.C.: Vol.42, Gale Research Inc. 9. Maupassant, Guy de. Short Story Criticism. Detroit, Michigan. Vol. 1, Book Tower. 10. Maupassant, Guy de. The Best Short Stories. Cumberland House, Crib Street, Ware, Hertford shire Wordsworth Editions Limited 1997. 11. "Guy de Maupassant." The Gale Group. Vol. 5, 2 February 1992. 31 OCT. 2000. . 12. Maupassant, Guy de. The Necklace and other Short Stories. Minela, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc. 1992. 13. Steegmuller, Francis. "An Overview of the Necklace" The Gale Group. Vol. 1, 1949. 31 OCT. 2000. . 14. Smith, Christopher. "The Necklace: Overview." The Gale Group. Vol. 1, 1994. 31 OCT. 2000. 15. Wallace, Albert H. "Guy de Maupassant: Overview." The Gale Group. Vol.2,1995. 31 OCT. 2000. ,

English Revolution :: European Europe History

English Revolution The history of the English Revolution from 1649 to 1660 can be briefly told. Cromwell's shooting of the Levellers at Burford made a restoration of monarchy and lords ultimately inevitable, for the breach of big bourgeoisie and gentry with the popular forces meant that their government could only be maintained either by an army (which in the long ran proved crushingly expensive as well as difficult to control) or by a compromise with the surviving representatives of the old order. But first there were still tasks to be done. (1) There was the conquest of Ireland, the expropriation of its landowners and peasantry - the first big triumph of English imperialism and the first big defeat of English democracy. For the petty bourgeoisie of the Army, despite the warnings of many of the Leveller leaders, allowed themselves to be distracted from establishing their own liberties in England and, deluded by religious slogans, to destroy those of the Irish. Many of them set up as landed proprietors in Ireland. (The Leveller revolt of 1649 had been occasioned by the refusal of many of the rank and file to leave for Ireland, for that meant violating their Engagement of 1647 not to divide until the liberties of England were secure.) (2) There was the conquest of Scotland, necessary to prevent a restoration of the old order thence; Scotland was opened up to English traders by political union. (3) A forward commercial policy was undertaken with the Navigation Act of 1651, the basis of England's commercial prosperity in the next century. This aimed at winning the carrying trade of Europe for English ships, and at excluding all rivals from trade with England's colonies. It led to a war with the Dutch, who had monopolised the carrying trade of the world in the first half of the seventeenth century. For in that period the royal policy had frustrated all attempts of the bourgeoisie to throw the resources of England into an effective struggle for this trade. In this war, thanks to Blake's fleet and the economic strength the Republican Government was able to mobilise, England was victorious. (4) An imperialist policy needed the strong Navy which Charles had failed to build up, and under Blake the Commonwealth began to rule the waves to some purpose; war in alliance with France against Spain brought Jamaica and Dunkirk to England. (5) The

Essay --

Mindy Truong CIN: 301305048 Lab Section 5 Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity Co-evolution has occurred in many different forms amongst different species of the different kingdoms. These organisms can either be parasitic or mutualitstic amongst each other. Co-evolution is the key force to building our Earth. An example is Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium in which they both have a mutualistic relationship. Edmunds and Gates stated, â€Å"Mutualistic symbioses are intimate relationships between two or more taxonomically distinct organisms in which each member benefits from the association and the holobiont has greater functional and ecological scope than each of the individual components (2003).† This type of mutualistic relationship between these two organisms requires a certain adaptation where it can affect speciation and global diversity, the biogeochemical cycles, and maintaining the health of the ecosystems. Adaptation is critical to establishing this relationship between Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium. Colpophyllia natans†¬ is part of the reef coral building, which is from Kingdom Anamalia whereas Symbiodinium is the genus of dinoflagellates that is from Kingdom Protista. There are more than one species of the genus group of Symbiodinium; they are grouped in clades from A-D (Finney et al., 2010). There are two clades within the Colpophyllia natans that is B and D (Finney et al., 2010). The Symbiodinium lives within the coral’s gastrodermal cells, together they exchange nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon (Goldberg, 2013). These Symbiodinium can either be inherited by the parents or obtained through the environment. Goldberg stated that these Symbiodinium â€Å"†¦influence the calcification process, they prov... ... are the source of new medicine and other biochemical agents (2013).† Cyanide fishing can also cause habitat loss for many organisms that depends on these corals for survival (Goldberg, 2013). If global warming and human activity continues to increase, then the health of the ecosystem would face chaos. Co-evolution has played a huge role in the development of many organisms, such as this symbiotic relationship between the Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity. Without this Symbiodinium Diversity, the Colpophyllia natans†¬ may die off. The adaptation between the two has evolved over many years, and now they rely on each other for the exchange of nutrients. The biodiversity of these species plays a special role in the ecosystem, such as providing shelter and protection. The health of the ecosystem depends on these reef-building corals for many things.

Emotions In The Things They Carried Essay

In his story â€Å"The Things They Carried†, Tim O’Brien, enlightens the reader with the many faces and emotions of men. Although men are normally thought upon as the stronger of the two sexes; physically and emotionally, O’Brien lets us realize that this is not so. Men are weak in even the strongest of situations. And in this case, the situation is war. War is the main theme of the story. Masculinity in the story The ‘soldiers’ mentioned are victims of many emotions, for example, love, hatred, stress, depression, etc. They realize how important love and real-life relationships are. Most men who are prey to long lost love, try to let go of their past and focus only on their duties in vain. As they walk through the streets of Vietnam, they carry with themselves the basic necessities of survival and souvenirs to remind them of home. During these marches, they dispose of some of their supplies because they are aware that they will soon gain much more. War is like a game to the soldiers, there are always winners and losers. It can be played with many different tactics. It is all a matter of luck and strategy. But it is not all that bad. Some of the soldiers, who leave, return soon because the peace ‘hurts’ them too much. And for some, the war is far too much to handle. This is mainly due to the losses they experience. Death is a frightening incident which occurs most often bringing with it tears of pain and stress. The soldiers are afraid of killing as well. The first kill is always the hardest to bear. These soldiers imagine what kind of a life their enemies led before getting involved into such a situation. Deep, dark marks are left within the hearts of these soldiers as they spend endless days on the battlefields. Voegele quotes O’Brien as talking about fear, â€Å"In many respects this was the heaviest burden of all, for it could never be put down.† (Voegele). The soldiers have dreams about escaping the brutal nature and reality of war because they are unable to remove fear from their hearts. Most of the time, there are petty quarrels that take place, some leading to physically fights, which soon lead to renewed friendships, trust and written pacts, and then ending in death and sorrow. Voegele quotes O’Brien provides the weight of the objects which the soldiers carry by saying â€Å"The weapon weighed 7.5 pounds unloaded, 8.2 pounds with its full 20 round magazine. The riflemen carried anywhere from 12 to 20 magazines†¦adding on another 8.4 pounds at minimum, 14 pounds at maximum.† (Voegele). The story above portrays the masculine romance of the soldier as it portrays the tough and brutal nature of their experience in war. These soldiers have to be tough and brave in the battlefield in order to prove that they are worthy males. Experience of war O’Brien gives a graphic portrait of the experience of war by mentioning the weight of the things which the soldiers carry. The soldiers also have to face other external factors like the weather during the time of war â€Å"They carried the sky. The whole atmosphere†¦they carried gravity.† (Voegele). However according to O’Brien the soldiers have several emotional problems which are much heavier for them than the physical things they carry. â€Å"Grief, terror, love, longing these were intangibles, but the intangibles had their own mass and specific gravity, they had tangible weigh.† (Voegele). Many different stories are discussed and the lust for women is often brought up during camp talks. But many stories of lost and dead soldiers are never spoken of. Sometimes out of fear, sometimes out of respect, and sometimes out of sheer disappointment and misunderstanding. These stories, burdened by the soldiers sometimes drive them into a negative attitude. Most of these soldiers tend to commit suicide. â€Å"That night when Kiowa got wasted, I sort of sank down into the sewage with him† (O’Brien, pg. 156). The author describes his feelings of when he lost a true friend due to a sudden attack. Kiowa had drowned into the depths of the sewage during this attack. Although O’Brien had tried to help, the smell was excruciating to him. In the story, there is also specifically rumors of a girl smuggled into Vietnam by a soldier are brought up. This ‘soldier’ had to spend a large sum of money into getting his girlfriend there. He warned about how dangerous it was. All the men are duly jealous of the young couple. Superstition is common among the men. They keep certain ‘things’ with them at all times, believing these items may bring them luck. To a few of them, they actually do bring luck! But religion is also a big part of these soldiers’ lives. They chat about how one day; they would like to be monks and priests, and about how they would like to help people and be kind to them instead of killing anyone and anything that came in their way. As the war wages on, the soldiers try to find amusement in the harshness around them. The camps they set around for themselves are of unpleasant surroundings. From the ruthless weather, to the creepy crawlies and even then unbearable stenches, these soldiers have witnessed it all. They joke about the times they had almost died or had cried out of fear of facing death during combat. Most of these men undergo many changes, especially in their personalities. Some of the soldiers like Norman Bowler were decent and law abiding citizens when they were civilians. But this man transformed himself into a heartless creature and around his neck he carried a thumb which had been removed from the body of a Viet Cong guerilla fighter. The Viet Cong guerilla fighter was only a teenager. Bowler was very proud of his first kill. But there were also others, like Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, who had been sensitive during their civilian life. But the effects of war do not change them into animals. They stay the same, lovable humans, hoping for an escape into the arms of their loved ones. But when they face their enemies, regardless of their age or gender, these soldiers are emotionless beasts. They even torture human babies, mostly orphan infants, brutally. O’Brien refers to the babies as a ‘young water buffalo’. Readers will find the story to be devoid of any emotions as the American soldiers engage in torture and brutality for sports and recreation. However, these men tend to feel awful afterwards. They think over what they have done and regret these events so much that they end up hurting themselves in order to finally escape this reality. While some, make all the killing seem like child’s play. And later, all these men share and relate their own life stories to the people they kill during the war. This, according to O’Brien, brings them back to life. He based his life on one motto, â€Å"Once you’re alive, you can’t ever be dead† (O’Brien, pg. 244). Tim O’Brien does not believe in death. The soldiers, even tough are fighting day and night for their country; feel that it is useless to wage this war. They cannot find any real reasons as to why they are there, except that they were appointed to this duty without any consideration. This lack of purpose also drives the men into insanity. When finally, the war comes to an end, the soldiers return home to again lead a ‘normal civilian’ life. But the bitter memories of Vietnam prevent these men from ever being sane again. The war has cast a heavy shadow over the hearts of these once good-willed, god-fearing men. Although, most of the story is fictional, Tim O’Brien portrays to his readers the cruelty of war. He wants people to understand how it felt to experience death, so that they could finally accept it. He tries to share his feelings and the feelings of his fellow soldiers through detached words. He talks of the torture and pain, the crying and screaming, the innocent civilian families watching their loved ones being put to death in front of their eyes aware that their turn is soon to come. The experience of war is romanticized in the novel as the author provides an account of the experiences of soldiers. These soldiers are living in hell but they have a clear concept of the culture of war. They know that they are making history by becoming participants of war. Conclusion This story clearly states that even men are feeble creatures who fall victim to emotions no matter what they do. The life of a soldier may seem to be filled with hardships and killing. But no one really knows the truth behind the lifeless eyes. We, civilians wonder what it might be like out their on the battlefield and how these soldiers live their lives without emotion. When, in reality, they share as much emotion as any normal human being would. They fear the blood shed around them. Some display their feelings and confess their love and fears, while others decide to hide themselves by displaying a merciless attitude. Every experience is hard for them. Every new day is a bigger challenge. If the cards are not played right, there is a loss, sometimes many losses. The story is an important reminder about the horrors and brutalities of war. It tells us how war changes the experiences of soldiers. Works Cited O’Brien. Tim. The Things They Carried. Broadway. (1998) Voegele, Jason. Thoughts on The Things They Carried. Copyright  © Jason Voegele Retrieved 16th August 2008 http://www.jvoegele.com/essays/things.html

Different Types of Documents Produced in a Business Environment Essay

The different formats in which text may be presented are font typefaces, headings, font size, effects (bold, italics, underlined), colours and text boxes. We can format text in paragraphs, tables and columns. We can add bullet points, headers and footers. We can also add tables, graphs, diagrams and flowcharts as a clear way to represent data and processes. 1. 3 Explain the purpose and benefits of producing high quality and attractive documents The documents you produce for your organisation are an image of representation of your organisation. So it creates an impression on the reader about the standards of the organisation. A good quality document that looks good to the audience can gain more customers and increase the company’s reputation. The quality of your documents is a reflection on you. 2. 3 Describe different types of technology available for inputting, formatting, and editing text and their main features A keyboard and mouse would be the main technology to insert text into a computer. When using a keyboard you press the specific key for each character that needs inputting, and this is transferred on to the computer screen, in a word processing program. A mouse helps you navigate on the computer screen to select the programs to select the programs to open and view and type the text. Another form of inputting could be copying and pasting information from the internet or another document. You could even use a scanner to input text and transfer documents into the computer. Within the Microsoft Word package, you have the following tools to format the text to make it look high quality: -WordArt: this includes effects such as shadows, outlines, colours, gradients, and 3D effects that can be added to a word or phrase. WordArt can also bend, stretch, rotate, or modify the shape of the text. -Page layout: the arrangement of text, images and other objects on a page. -Columns: this is a vertical division of text on a page, usually found in the layout of booklets, newspapers, magazines and leaflets. -Paragraphs: usually a distinct, short section on a document/ piece of writing, usually with a single theme. -Headers and footers: A header or footer is text or graphics that is usually printed at the top or bottom of every page in a document. A header is printed in the top margin; a footer is printed in the bottom margin. The types of technology that are available to edit text are: -Spell check: a computer program that identifies possible misspellings in a block of text by comparing the text with a database of the correct spellings. -Grammar check: this is a tool on Microsoft programs that gives you helpful hints to improve your sentence structure. -Find and replace: this is a function that allows you to search for a particular word in a document and replace it if you need to rename more than one word. 3. Explain the benefits of agreeing the purpose, content, style and deadlines for producing documents. The audience of a document is the group of people for who it is written for. Therefore, documents should be designed to meet the needs of the expected audience. You need to know the purpose of the document so you know what and how to produce it, for example, if it is advertising for young people you would want it to be eye catching and in a style that will appeal to them. It is important to agree the content so you can obtain the information, plan and organise the layout. Deadlines are important so you can plan other work around it and complete the document on time. 3. 2 Outline different ways of organising content for documents. To organise the content you require for a document, you first need to find out how the document is to be presented and the information that is to be included. But ways you could organise content could be: -Bullet points -Alphabetical ordering -Chronological order -Headings -Text -Graphs -Text boxes You should then store all the information needed safely and with clear file names. 3. Outline ways of integrating and laying out text and non-text. Text and non – text can be integrated easily with Microsoft Word or Publisher. There are many ways of laying out a document, using columns, graphics, and blocks of text, headings, background colours, images and white space and wrap text around; which helps you to work around with its different features to get a consistent format. Also there are other office applications that help with integrating and laying out text and non-text, for example, Excel and PowerPoint, help with integrating text and non-text in spread sheets and slides. Many organisations use a logo on all their printed materials and their documents often have a very specific style. This will be achieved by always using the same fonts, font sizes, text and page colours and page layout. 3. 4 Describe ways of checking finished documents for accuracy – including spelling, grammar and punctuation – and correctness, and the purpose of doing so. When you have finished creating a document, you should review and check it thoroughly before sending or printing the document. Word documents have a spell check function, however even using spell check might not be completely accurate, therefore using a grammar check on the document as well, will be more beneficial. After doing the spell and grammar checks, you could ask another colleague to proof read your work – having a proof reader can help highlight problems as they are a fresh set of eyes that have not read the document. Re-reading the documents several days after completing, may refresh your mind to notice any corrections and adjustments. It is beneficial to compare the final version with original notes and rough drafts. All of these checks are to ensure that your document that you want to make is fit for purpose and correct before showing to a senior member of staff or production of the document. 3. 5 Explain the purpose of storing documents safely and securely, and ways of doing so. Any document with any sensitive information should always be stored safely; electronically or physically. For example, -A filing cabinet which can be locked, as it may be required for future use/reference. Storing confidential documents electronically should always be stored with password protection, on a safe and secure operating system. -Locking your computer if you’re leaving your desk, even if it is for just a few minutes. -Being aware who is around you or your desk when dealing with documents with confidential information on. 3. 6 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection when preparing documents. Any form of personal information held about a person within a company is protected under the Data Protection Act; this means all data should be kept confidential. This is significant to ensure nobody will be able to get the data and pass the information on. Confidentiality is very important when preparing documents, because Oxfordshire County Council is involved with a lot of personal data: †¢Full names †¢Contact details (addresses and phone numbers) †¢Records When preparing documents we need to be aware of what we are including in the document, for example if you are adding a photograph, do you have the right permission to use it? As a company, in order to protect the users and the owner, confidentiality must be observed. 3. Explain the purpose and benefits of meeting deadlines. If deadlines are valued and meeting those deadlines is enforced, expectations are consistent. It is important that you produce your work to the best possible standard in order to meet the requirements of the person setting the task. This will show you are responsible and trustworthy and you can be relied upon to get things completed. You may not know who else might be waiting for your work; it could have to be passed on to someone else. This may cause problems and delays in the workplace and could affect team relationships.

Position of Women in India

â€Å"Savitri fought with the God of Death (Yama) and succeeded in getting her husband back to life. Can you find any instance in the scriptures or history where a husband was prepared to do sacrifice for his wife? If the wife is dead, he is ready to have a second marriage. Such unfair things are happening in the world in respect of women. † -: Sathya Sai (Volume 31, Chapter 14 ‘Glory Of Womanhood') When we look at the Hindu mythology we see that women are supposed to be treated as Goddesses. One of the most popular festivals of Hindus is the ‘Navratra’ in which Hindus worship Goddess Durga (the worrier goddess), Goddess Lakshmi (the goddess of wealth and prosperity) and Goddess Saraswati (the goddess of Knowledge and Arts). On the last day of this festival, the daughters of the house are worshiped. But still in India we see that our society has grown so favorable towards the males. Hindu’s, even after referring to the daughters as Devi (goddess), expect a widow to jump on the pyre of the husband, a practice known as Sati. Dowry is still date given (even after being criminalized) to the groom at the time of marriage. The Gender imbalance can be traced down to Manusmriti in 200 B. C. which lays down the duties of a woman. â€Å"In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent. † . The Manusmriti were used as a model for the framing of the Dharmashastra, which later became the local laws. Thus we can see the position of women in India today is because of century old traditions and customs. Even though the Constitution of India promotes gender equality through the notion of Equality and secularism providing a framework to treat all its citizens equal and commands that no discrimination should be made on the bases of one’s gender , gender discrimination still exists due to the presence of various personal laws. In recent years, India has witnessed many reforms for example the abolishment of sati and criminalizing sex determination. The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (HSA) amends and codifies the law relating to intestate succession among Hindus and aims to lay down a uniform law of uccession whereby attempt has been made to ensure equality of inheritance rights between sons and daughters. It applies to all Hindus including Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs’ . The section 6 of the act is as follows: ‘Devolution of interest of coparcenary property. – When a male Hindu dies after the commencement of this Act, having at the time of his death an interest in a Mitakshara coparcenary property, his interest in the property shall devolve by survivorship upon the surviving members of the coparcenary and not in accordance with this Act. Provided that, if the deceased had left him surviving a female relative specified in class 1 of the Schedule or a male relative specified in that class who claims through such female relative, the interest of the deceased in the Mitakshara coparcenary property shall devolve by testamentary or intestate succession, as the case may be, under this Act and not by survivorship. Explanation 1. For the purposes of this section, the interest of a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to be the share in the property that would have been allotted to him if a partition of the property had taken place immediately before his death, irrespective of whether he was entitled to claim partition or not. Explanation 2. – Nothing contained in the proviso to this section shall be construed as enabling a person who has separated himself from the coparcenary before the death of the deceased or any of his heirs to claim on intestacy a share in the interest referred to therein. For example, F (th e farther who had an interest in the coparcenary property) has two sons A & B (who are also the members of the coparcenary) and a daughter D. In such a case on the death of A, D will get only 1/3 share from the share of A in the coparcenary property. While the sons A and B will get 1/3 +1/9 each. But this act remained under controversy as the laws of inheritance gave preference only class I heirs in a joint Hindu family. This included only the male members and excluded women. Due to this women of the family could not inherit the family ancestral property. But even before the amendment took place, in states like Maharashtra, and Karnataka, women were given equal rights. Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 For a very long time female members of the family were not considered a coparcener. The family property was divided only amongst the male members of the family. But then thanks to the feminist movements in India, the law commission of India submitted its 174th report in the year 2000: â€Å"Property Rights of Women: Proposed Reform under the Hindu Law†. In this report it was suggested that female members of the family should be included under the list of coparcenary thus giving them the right to inherit property. As a result of this report and other feminist movements, the Hindu Succession Act was amended and the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 came into force from 9th September 2005 ‘section 6 (l). Devolution of interest in coparcenary property. 1) On and from the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, in a Joint Hindu family governed by the Mitakshara law, the daughter of a coparcener shall,– (a) by birth become a coparcener in her own right the same manner as the son ; (b) have the same rights in the coparcenary property as she would have had if she had been a son; (c) be subject to the same liabilities in respect of the said coparcenary property as that of a son, and any reference to a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to include a reference to a daughter of a coparcener: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall affect or invalidate any disposition or alienation including any partition or testamentary disposition of property which had taken place before the 20th day of December, 2004. 2) Any property to which a female Hindu becomes entitled by virtue of subsection (1) shall be held by her with the incidents of coparcenary ownership and shall be regarded, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force in, as property capable of being disposed of by her by testamentary disposition. (3) Where a Hindu dies after the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, his interest in the property of a Joint Hindu family governed by the Mitakshara law, shall devolve by testamentary or intestate succession, as the case may be, under this Act and not by survivorship, and the coparcenary property shall be deemed to have been divided as if a partition had taken place and,- a) the daughter is allotted the same share as is allotted to a son (b) the share of the pre-deceased son or a pre-deceased daughter, as they would have got had they been alive at the time of partition, shall be allotted to the surviving child of such pre-deceased son or of such pre-deceased daughter; and (c) the share of the pre-deceased child of a pre-deceased son or of a predeceased daughter, as such child would have got had he or she been alive at the time of the partition, shall be allotted to the child of such pre-deceased child of the pre-deceased so or a pre-deceased daughter, as the case may be. Explanation. — For the purposes of this sub-section, the interest of a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to be the share in the property that would have been allotted to him if a partition of the property had taken place immediately before his death, irrespective of whether he was entitled to claim partition or not. 4) After the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, no court shall recognize any right to proceed against a son, grandson or great-grandson for the recovery of any debt due from his father, grandfather or great-grandfather solely on the ground of the pious obligation under the Hindu law, of such son, grandson or great-grandson to discharge any such debt: Provided that in the case of any debt contracted before the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, nothing contained in this sub-section shall affect– (a) the right of any creditor to proceed against the son, grandson or great-grandson, as the case may be; or (b) any alienation made in respect of or in satisfaction of, any such debt, and any such right or alienation shall be enforceable under the rule of pious obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as it would have been enforceable as if the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 had not been enacted. Explanation. For the purposes of clause (a), the expression â€Å"son†, â€Å"grandson† or â€Å"great-grandson† shall be deemed to refer to the son, grandson or great-grandson, as the case may be, who was born or adopted prior to the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005. 5) Nothing contained in this section shall apply to a partition, which has been effected before the 20th day of December 2004. Explanation- For the purposes of this section â€Å"partition† means any partition made by execution of a deed of partition duly registered under the Registration Act, 1908 or partition affected by a decree of a court’ The main objective of this act was to include women in the category of coparcenaries so that even the female members could inherit property under any circumstances which could lead to a situation of where the family property is being divided amongst its members . The author submits that this amendment gave women the right they deserv ed and which had been denied from the very beginning. This amendment also opposes Section 23 of the original act, suggesting omission of the same as it does not permit any female heir to ask for a partition. In the earlier act only a male heir could chose to have a partition. The amendment on the other hand does not interfere with the special rights of those who are members of Hindu coparcenary except to provide rules and certain other regulations for division of interest of a deceased male. The Author also submits that the anomalies which still persist are because of the retention of the core essence of the Mitakshara joint property system. The system believed that making daughter coparceners would affect the share of other Class I female heirs like the deceased’s widow and mother. This would be because the coparcenary’s share would in fact come from the Class I female heirs. Another problem is the fact that coparcenary remains a primary entitlement of the males in the house. By this system the male heir is put before the female heir as this legal set up provides that the male heirs should inherit an additional independent share over and above what they inherit with the female heirs. In the case of a ‘Hindu female dying without a will; her property divides first to her husband’s heirs, then to husband's father's heirs and finally only to mother's heirs; more or less this property of a Hindu female is well kept and maintained within her husband’s hold. ’ .

The Byronic Hero

While popular culture is usually regarded as something trite, meaningless, and superficial, careful and insightful analysis of certain aspects of popular culture reveals a lot about culture as a whole. For the purposes of this essay, I decided to concentrate on one of the pop idols of the 20th century, namely Jim Morrison. The rationale behind my choice is that this figure produced a powerful impact on popular culture, and the cult of Jim Morrison is still appealing to many generations of American.As for the theoretical perspective to be employed in this essay, I will show how the cult of Jim Morrison is a reincarnation of the image of the Byronic Hero that has always been present in world culture. The Byronic Hero is an extraordinary and talented young man. Tremendous success of Jim Morrison leaves no doubt in his enormous talent, charisma, and energy. I dare call him a genius for the ample reason that speaking about the overall history of contemporary music, people remember only tw o names, the Beatles and the Doors, and the Doors in the first place.Secondly, the Byronic Hero is a rebel who opposes almost all social norms and regulations; he deliberately distances himself from conventional social institutions. This feature was characteristic of Jim Morrison from the early childhood: he used to question the authority, and for that he was dismissed from a scout club. At night, he used to sneak out from his parents’ house and hang out at overcrowded and disreputable bars. His juvenile misbehaving soon evolved into a consistent social protest expressed trough music and show.‘Philosophies of Protest’ used to be his favorite course at Florida State University (Davis, 2004). He denounced traditional social patterns; the evidence for that is the fact that he never got married. Instead, he ‘married’ Patricia Kennealy in a Celtic pagan ceremony. The Byronic Hero is never impressed by rank and privilege, though he may possess it. Jim Morr ison might have become a representative of the elite circles with good education, stable job, and decent social status. Yet he made a choice in favor of a flamboyant bohemian lifestyle. Another feature of the Byronic Hero is intelligence.The conventional Byronic Hero is well-read and possibly well-bread. Jim Morrison took a keen interest in self-education; he devoted a lot of time to reading Nietzsche, Jung, Ginsberg, Joyce, and Balzac. He derived inspiration in the literary heritage of French symbolists, especially Rimbaud. It is worth noting that Arthur Rimbaud himself was an exemplary Byronic Hero, with his dark passions and impressive talents. By the age of fifteen, Jim established himself as a gifted poet and painter; some sources argue that Jim Morrison had an IQ of 149 (Davis, 2004).He received solid education and traveled the world. These facts prove that Jim Morrison possessed the majority of features typical for the Byronic Hero. Another characteristic of the Byronic Hero is the exile, usually self-imposed. Exile to Paris is an essential part of Jim Morrison’s biography. Morrison escaped to Paris with Pamela Courson; he did so because he disliked being a celebrity. He was deeply dissatisfied with the absence of serious attitude to him as an American poet. Paris seemed to provide an asylum.The conventional Byronic Hero is distressed by a terrible thing he committed in the past, like a hidden curse or crime; this burden forces him into a voluntary exile. When Morrison escaped to Paris, he faced a tragic dilemma in his life. His two women, Pamela Courson and Patricia Kennealy, both demanded his love. Some researchers believe that his love for Patricia Kennealy was greater, but Pamela let him continue his experiments with alcohol and drugs (Davis, 2004). He may have always felt guilt and regret for leaving Patricia. The Byronic Hero is constantly depressed and melancholic.It is reported that in Paris Morrison searched for a sense of living as well as for inspiration to write more powerful poetry (Davis, 2004). But even in the city of great poets Morrison was spiritually void and suffered from depression. The Byronic Hero is unusually handsome and inextricably attractive, often to both sexes. I dare label Jim Morrison as the most prominent male sex-symbol of the 20th century. The Byronic Hero is larger than life in his feelings, talents, ambitions, and pride. This type is also self-destructive in the longer run.That is one of the most substantial arguments that prove Jim Morrison’s connection with the discussed image. His progressing addiction to alcohol and drugs was his curse. Thus, Morrison can be regarded as an example of the Byronic Hero that has been present in world culture from its creation in early Greek theatre through classical English literature and 19th-Century Russian literature to the modern times. It is evident that the classical Byronic Heroes is Byron’s Childe Harold. The Canto I from the Child e Harold's Pilgrimage provides an excessive proof for all the abovementioned images of a Byronic Hero.The following lines can be interpreted as the example of rebellious nature of the Byronic Hero: ‘Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight/But spent his days in riot most uncouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Canto I, 2, lines 1-2). Precursors of this typical hero of English Romanticism can be traced back to Greek theatre. The notion of hamartia, or tragic flaw, is intrinsically linked to the early development of the Byronic Hero. The Byronic Hero is also present in literary Gothicism as one of the literary trends within the tradition of Romanticism.In the Romantic literature, two different types of heroes can be found, namely Satanic Hero and Byronic Hero. In fact, Satan is also believed to be an early version of the Byronic Hero. Despite some apparent differences, these two literary types have much in common: ‘Like Satan, the Byronic hero is an outsider and an overreacher, though the divine Law that he violates is not the First Commandment but the Seventh, a sin often involving not only adultery but incest’ (Polidori, Le Fanu & Stoker, 2002, p. 6). As for the classical period in literature, Heathcliff from ‘Wuthering Heights’ is another example of Byronic hero.Captain Ahab from ‘Moby Dick’ is sometimes also cited as a Byronic Hero, although there no broad consensus among critics: ‘Captain Ahab's rebellious nature and attitude towards existing norms illustrates his Byronic qualities, as well as the overall dark nature of his humanity’ (Hospelhorn & Nicolson, 2003, ‘Moby Dick’). Byronic Hero found new incarnation in classic Russian literature. Such notable writers as Alexander Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, Alexander Pushkin, and Mikhail Lermontov all contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon later referred to as ‘the Russified Byronic Hero. ’In the modern time, the recreation of the Byronic Hero is often attributed to Albert Camus in his novel ‘The Rebel’: ‘But it was Camus's recreation, in modern terms, of the solitary Byronic hero, who resists fate and an alien world by defiant acts, which brought the cult so vividly to life and gave it actual meaning to youth on both sides of the Rhine’ (Johnson, 2001, p. 575). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Jim Morrison as an incarnation of the Byronic Hero exemplifies the pervasiveness of archetypes that have been present in world art and literature since ancient times.References Davis, S. Jim Morrison: Life, Death, Legend. New York: Gotham Books, 2004. Hospelhorn, S. , & Nicolson, A. ‘Byronic Heroes in Russian Literature. ’ 2003. October 8, 2007. Johnson, P. M. Modern Times Revised Edition: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, Revised ed. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2001. Polidori, J. W. , Le Fanu, J. , & Stoker, B. Three Vampire Tales: Dracula, Carmilla, and The Vampyre. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002.